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• [시리즈] 임동석 중국사상 [110]

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한국최초 완역본
임동석 교수 ≪고문진보≫ 총4권 230만자(字) 주석본 출간!

고문(古文) 중에서 ‘진실로 보배로운 글만을 모음’!
옛 군자 ․ 성현들이 늘 곁에 두고 읽던 최고의 한문 독본!
동양고전 맛을 누리기에 더없는 문장인생학 보물!

“이《고문진보》를 만약 뱃속에 간직할 수만 있다면,
가슴속에서 혼연히 쨍그랑 옥소리를 울리리.” - 김시습

옛 글에서 참된 보물만 골라 모은 인생지혜의 책을 펼쳐라!

《고문진보》는 송나라 말에서 원나라 초, 학자 황견(黃堅)이 편집한 ‘고문(古文) 중에 진실로 보배가 될 만한 글을 모은 것’이라는 뜻으로, 고문과 인격과 학식을 닦기 위한 대중적인 교재를 말한다.
‘고문’이란 중국 위진(魏晉) 시대에 성행하던 ‘기교주의 문장에 반대’하여 일어났던, 당송(唐宋) 고문운동가들이 주장하던 ‘고대부터 한대(漢代)까지의 질박하면서도 도덕적이며, 유가적 색채를 지닌 훌륭한 문체’를 뜻한다. 이것이 참다운 인생 지혜가 아니랴.

문장학의 보고! 고전의 참맛을 누려라!

이 책은 진한(秦漢)시대의 문장과 당송팔대가(唐宋八大家), 즉 한유, 유종원, 구양수, 소순, 소식, 소철, 증공, 왕안석의 문장을 주로 가려 뽑았고, 그 밖에 송대 이학가(理學家)의 문장이 주를 이룬다. 남송 때의 이학가들은 문예를 경시하고 고문을 중시했다. 신유학(新儒學)이 북송 초부터 유행하기 시작하면서, 그 사상을 전달하기에는 고문이 적합한 것으로 생각했기 때문이다.
전편과 후편으로 나누어, 전편은 운문 위주로「권학문(勸學文)」을 비롯하여 소박하고 고아한 고시를 주로 수록하였고, 후집은 산문인 17체의 명문을 실었다.
《경전(經典)》이 빈틈없는 논리와 철학을 주제로 한 것이라면, 《사서(史書)》는 인간 활동의 바른 길과 이야기 중심의 연결 고리를 알아야만 한다. 그런데 고문(古文)은 다양한 작자의 문장을 통해 이 모두를 이해할 수 있다. 때문에 독자는 여기에 실린 시와 문장, 특히 당송팔대가 산문들을 읽으며 옛 성인들의 지혜를 오롯이 되새길 수 있다.

한문공부의 금과옥조 인생백과 ≪고문진보≫

오늘날 우리가 접하고 있는 《고문진보》는 황견 이후 여러 사람의 손을 거쳐 증감되고, 개정된 것으로 초기 원본은 아니다. 나아가 송, 명, 청대를 거쳐 이름난 학자들에 의해 전문적이며 학술적인 고문에 대한 연구와 선집 등이 널리 출현하면서, 이 《고문진보》는 차츰 빛을 잃게 되어 중국에서는 잊히다시피 하였다. 그럼에도 한국과 일본에서는 근세까지도 고문학습의 가장 중요한 책으로 널리 활용되어 왔다.
특히 우리 선조들은 《고문진보》를 한문공부의 금과옥조로 여겼다. “아침에는 경서를, 저녁에는 역사를 공부하고, 왼쪽에는 시를 끼고, 오른쪽에는 문장을 들고”(朝經暮史, 左詩右文) 학습하던 조선시대의 학습풍토에서 초보적인 시문을 공부하는 학습자라면 바로 이 책을 필수 교재로 삼았음을 알 수 있다.
그런 까닭에 조선시대 학자라면 개인 문집에 이 책을 언급하지 않은 이들이 없을 정도였다. 《어우야담》에서는 “우리나라에서 어린이들의 배움은 대개 《십구사략》과 《고문진보》를 익히는 것으로 학문에 들어서는 문으로 삼았다.”고 기록하고 있다. 특히 김시습은 ‘《고문진보》를 구하고 나서’(<득고문진보(得古文眞寶)>《매월당집(梅月堂集)》(9）)이라는 시에서 이렇게 기쁨을 노래하기도 했다.

“세상에서 구슬을 보물인 양 속이며 다투지만,
이는 다 쓰고 나면 남는 것이 없지.
이《고문진보》를 만약 뱃속에 간직할 수만 있다면,
가슴속에 혼연히 쨍그랑 옥소리 울리리라.”

풍부하여 즐거운 해설 완역판 ≪고문진보≫!

《고문진보》는 일본과 한국에 전하는 판본이 각각 다르다. 일본에는 괴본(魁本, 元版本)이, 우리나라에는 대전(大全, 明版本)이 전해져 조선시대 널리 활용되었으며, 우리나라에 전하는 《상설고문진보대전》은 일본 판본보다 훨씬 양이 많고 내용이 풍부하며 조선시대 학자는 물론 일반인까지도 누구나 인용하고 익혀온, 가장 영향력이 컸던 텍스트였다. 이에 언해본도 있어서, 끊임없이 출간되기도 하였으며, 현대에 이르러서는 초역(抄譯), 선역(選譯) 등이 쏟아졌고, 나아가 완역본도 출간되었다. 이 책은 전체를 완역하면서 동시에 그간 혹 빠지기도 했던 참고 자료를 충분히 활용하고, 아울러 주석을 자세히 실음으로써 관련 사항을 세세하게 짚어볼 수 있도록 작업하였다. 또한 각주를 더욱 세밀히 하고, 음운적인 면까지 분석하였으며, 작품의 원출처를 일일이 찾아 대조하고 제시한 점도 큰 장점으로 꼽을 수 있다.

《古文眞寶》[後集] 卷五
052. 창려문집서昌黎文集序 … 李漢 ····································································1780
053. 자인전梓人傳 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ····································································1787
054. 여한유논사서與韓愈論史書 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ··········································1803
055. 답위중립서答韋中立書 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ···················································1818
056. 포사자설捕蛇者說 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ····························································1832
057. 종수곽탁타전種樹郭?駝傳 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ··········································1839
058. 우계시서愚溪詩序 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ····························································1845
059. 동엽봉제변桐葉封弟辯 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ···················································1852
060. 진문공문수원의晉文公問守原議 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ·································1857
061. 연주군부유혈기連州郡復乳穴記 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ·································1867
062. 송설존의서送薛存義序 … 柳子厚（柳宗元） ···················································1873
063. 양죽기養竹記 … 白樂天（白居易） ····································································1877
064. 아방궁부阿房宮賦 … 杜牧之（杜牧） ·······························································1884
065. 조고전장문吊古戰場文 … 李華（李遐叔） ·······················································1895
《古文眞寶》[後集] 卷六
066. 대루원기待漏院記 … 王元之（王禹?） ····························································1908
067. 황주죽루기黃州竹樓記 … 王元之（王禹?） ···················································1916
068. 엄선생사당기嚴先生祠堂記 … 范希文（范仲淹） ··········································1921
069. 악양루기岳陽樓記 … 范希文（范仲淹） ····························································1928
070. 격사홀명擊蛇笏銘 … 石守道（石介） ·······························································1934
071. 간원제명기諫院題名記 … 司馬君實（司馬光） ···············································1945
072. 독락원기獨樂園記 … 司馬君實（司馬光） ························································1949
073. 독맹상군전讀孟嘗君傳 … 王荊公（王安石） ···················································1953
074. 상범사간서上范司諫書 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ···············································1956
075. 상주주금당기相州晝錦堂記 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ······································1967
076. 취옹정기醉翁亭記 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ························································1976
077. 추성부秋聲賦 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ·································································1982
078. 증창승부憎蒼蠅賦 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ························································1989
079. 명선부鳴蟬賦 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ·································································1998
《古文眞寶》[後集] 卷七
080. 송서무당남귀서送徐無黨南歸序 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ······························2008
081. 종수론縱囚論 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ·································································2015
082. 붕당론朋黨論 … 歐陽永叔（歐陽脩） ·································································2021
083. 족보서族譜序 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ········································································2032
084. 장익주화상기張益州?像記 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ··············································2040
085. 관중론管仲論 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ········································································2052
086. 목가산기木假山記 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ·······························································2066
087. 고조론高祖論 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ········································································2071
088. 상구양내한서上歐陽內翰書 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ··············································2086
089. 상전추밀서上田樞密書 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ·······················································2101
090. 명이자설名二子說 … 蘇明允（蘇洵） ·······························································2114
《古文眞寶》[後集] 卷八
091. 조주한문공묘비潮州韓文公廟碑 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ·····································2118
092. 전적벽부前赤壁賦 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ·······························································2133
093. 후적벽부後赤壁賦 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ·······························································2142
094. 제구양공문祭歐陽公文 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ·······················································2148
095. 육일거사집서六一居士集序 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ··············································2153
096. 삼괴당명三槐堂銘 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾） ·······························································2165
097. 표충관비表忠觀碑 … 蘇子瞻（蘇軾）